CONDITIONAL

ZERO CONDITIONAL

Structure: IF / PRESENT / PRESENT OR Imperative. You can also go backwards asthe sample three

The zero conditional is used for things that always happen. It's usually for things related to nature, phenomena

examples

If you mix blue and yellow, you get green. (if you mix blue and yellow you get green)

If you press this bottom, the TV turns on. (If you press this botoòn, television lights)

Wood floats on if you put in water (wood floats in water if you put it)

If water is heated, it boils. (if boiling water is heated)

If you drink a lot, You have hangover the next day. (if you drink too much hangover thenext day)

FIRST CONDITIONAL 

The first conditional is used to express situations based on fact in the present or future (things which may happen).

Uses the simple present tense

If + Simple Present, Will-Future

Formation:

(IF Clause)               (Main Clause)

If I see you tomorrow, I will buy you a drink.

If you don't hurry, we will miss the train. 

If I have time, I'll finish that letter.

If you don't leave,I'll call the police.

If you drop that glass, it will break.

Conditional 2

The 2nd conditional is used to express unreal situations in the present or future. Often used to express a wish.

Uses the simple past tense

If + Simple Past, Conditional (=Would +  Infinitive)

 Formation:

(IF Clause)                   (Main Clause)

If I won the lottery, I would buy a new house.

If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.

If I had a million dollars, I would buy a big house.

If I had more time, I would study German.

If she were older,  she would get the job.

THIRD CONDITIONAL 

The third type of the conditional one is in use when we speak about a condition in the past that does not exist sucedidio.

IF + Condition + Result

If + Past perfect + "Would have" + past participle

Examples:

1.If I had known then what I know now, I would have done things differently. // I would have done things differently if I had known then what I know now.

2.Suzanne wouldn't have had the heart attack if she had gone on a diet as her doctor recommended. // If Suzanne had gone on a diet as her doctor recommended she wouldn't have had the heart attack.

SECOND CONDITIONAL

The second conditional is used when it is unlikely to happen, say an example that youwin the lottery

If I won the lottery I Would buy a Ferrari (if I play the lottery, I'd buy a Ferrari)

Subject IF + (I) + Past Simple (won) + the rest of the sentence (the lottery) + Subject (I) +Would + verb in present tense (buy) + the rest of the sentence (a Ferrari)

The second conditional (also called conditional type 2) is a structure used to talk aboutunreal situations in the present or in the future.
Just as the first conditional second conditional is the two clauses, clause "If" and main clause

clause "If the main clause "-----------------
If I had a million dollars, I Would buy a big house.

We use different verb forms in each part of a second conditional:
clause "If" == + if + simple past verb subject *
main clause subject == Would + verb +

WOUL

It is an aid to the second conditional. It comes from "will", which is an auxiliary of the futureis sometimes used to offer, or invite applications:. I'll give you an example:

Would I eat = I eat.
She Would she sleep = sleep.
Would we run = We would run.

The structure for the Would denial is as follows:

Subject + Would + not + infinitive.

I Would not dance = He does not dance.
I Would not drink = I do not drink.
You'd like you like to study study =

Although the form "would not" is correct is not used when speaking, unless I want to emphasize something.
The most used is "Would"

Now for the question form:

This is its structure:
Would + subject + infinitive?

Would she read? = Does she read?
Would it rain? = ¿Rain?

knowledge of English

FULL NAMES:

LINA MARIA GONZALEZ

MARIA EDTIH BERRIO

CURSE:

10.1

TEACHERS NAME:

LUCIA ESTUPÑAN

SCHOOLS NAME 

INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA SANTO TOMAS

CASD

WHY ENGLISH IS IMPORTANTE

English is the official language of the world is important because it helps improve our CONOSIMIENTO AND LEARN A NEW LANGUAGE IS THAT FOR AFUTURE AND WE OPEN DOORS FOR ALL OUR WORK PROJECT not only learn to communicate in that language, but also a different worldview,








SIMPLE PRESENT

Simple PRESENT

Structure : subjeto+verb in present+ complement

This simple, also called the indicative tense is the simplest of English. It is often used to talk about facts that are habits or customs.
It forms the base form of the verb of the infinitive. The infinitive consists of two particles, and the base form to the verb, so, for example, to eat is an infinitive which means to eat.
Let us know in the table below the present indicative:
Conjugation
English
Spanish1 st per. singular
I work
I work2 nd per. singular
you work
you work3 rd per. singular
I worksshe worksIt works
he worksshe works(For objects)1 st per. plural
we work
us / as trabajmos2 nd per. plural
you work
you / as you work3 rd per. plural
They work
them / as they work
The only hitch type, as usual, in the 3rd person singular, in fact, this 3rd person is special when it comes to conjugate verbs. As a general rule s is added, although we will see that there are some exceptions.Use of this simple
This tense is used to express facts or general truths.

    The Sun Warms the atmosphere. -> The sun heats the armósfera.
We also use the present simple to talk about habits, in this case, prayer is often expressions often appear as Usually or always.

    Usually we play tennis. -> We play tennis occasionally.
    You always study. -> You always you study.
Also use it to express horarior or programs (such as a theatrical program).

    The train leaves in an hour. -> The train arrives in an hour.
Spelling rules for the 3 rd person singular
As a general rule, the verb form of the 3 rd person singular s is added, however, there are a few rules for a series of verbal forms are special:
1 .- When the verb ends in s already, or a similar sound as sh, ch or x:

    watch -> watches (watch) dash -> Dash (throwing)
2 .- When the verb ends in o, is also added:

    go -> goes (go) do -> does (do)
3 .- When the verb ends in y, since it precedes a consonant, we have to change the y


to i, then add it:

    fly -> flies (fly) study -> studies (study

• PRESENT CONTINOUS         

  STRUCTURA                                                                           

PRESENT CONTINUOS:

Estructura: Sujeto + "to be" en presente + el verbo principal acabado en ing+ complemento

EJEMPLOS : It is used to describe actions that are being developed right now:

I am reading a book. = I'm reading a book (in right now)
You are playing football. = You are playing football


Also used to describe actions that are being developed around the time that talks, looks, though not necessarily in that moment:

I am studying français. = I'm studying French
I am looking my favorite tv show = I'm seeing my show favorite television shows.

It is also used to describe an action that will take place in the near future and which has taken a final decision. In this case, you always have to mention the time in which to develop action:

I am going to London next week. = I'm going to London next week (the action will develop in the near future and there is a final decision on my part to do it)


Another use is the present continuous to describe actions that are repeated often in this case, prayer is accompanied by the word "always" (always):

He is always working. He is always working (meaning that often works, perhaps even excessively)

•  PRESENT PERFECT

   ESTRUCTURA

Structure: subjeto+ aux have,has+verb in past participle+complement

The present perfect is used in the English language to narrate events that have occurred in an unspecified time in the past and may or may not be continuing in the present. The verb in present perfect or present perfect in English, is constructed with the auxiliary verb have or has, if third person, he, she, it, plus the participle of the verb, past participle, also known as 3 rd colomn (third column)Briefly: subject + have / has + verb (past participle)

    Examples:AffirmativeI ate an apple. → II have eaten an apple.I bought a car. → I've Bought me a car.NegativeHave not subject + / hasn't + verb (past participle)I have not been to the zoo. → He hasn't Given me a lift to the zoo.They have not studied for the exam. → They Have not Studied for the test.QuestionHave / has + subject + verb (past participle)?How many times have you seen that movie? → How Many Times Have You Seen That film?What has been the best movie you've seen? → Which Has Been the best film ever seen Have you?[Edit] Present perfect with for and since"For" and "since" serve to define the time of action of the verb. "For" has the meaning for and "since" from.

    Examples:'Affirmative:I've lived here for 4 years. I Have Lived → here for four yearsI've lived here since 2004. I Have Lived → here since 2004NegativeI have not studied for eight years. → I have not eight years Studio forI have not studied since 2002. → I have not since 2002 Studied[Edit] Present perfect Already, yet and just"For" and "since" set when the action has been completed while Already, just and yet.

    Already, since
    Just: finish
    Yet, yet, evenI've done my homework. → I Have done my homework AlreadyI just do my homework. → I Have just done my homeworkI have not done my homework. I have not done my → homework yet[Edit] Present perfect with everEver and always means used to express the most interesting, funniest thing I've ever read, seen, heard ...It is frequently used in questions. It also helps to ask about any "experience".

    Examples:What has been the most interesting book you read? → What Has Been The Most Interesting Book You have ever read?Have you ever in your life you've been to Spain? → Have you ever been in USA?Have you ever in your life have taken Tequila? → Have you ever drunk Tequila?Has she ever been in Cancun? → You ever been in Cancun she?Have you ever in your life has fed a lion? → you he / she ever fed a lion?

• RELATIVE CLAUSES

Specified relative clauses are so named because they provide essential information on
its antecedent, so that without them the meaning of the sentence would be incomplete. the
relative pronouns are:
THAT ("you") is used when the antecedent is both a person as a thing.
WHO ("you" who "" whom ") refers only to persons.
WHICH ("that") refers to excuse things.
examples:
They caught the Who / that Spiedo for China.
antecedent person
I lost the which / That She Gave Me.
history thing
That so much as who and Which can be omitted if they are followed by a noun or pronoun is
, if not the subject of the relative clause.
examples:
These are all the clues (that) They left behind.
John is the man (who) we saw yesterday at the restaurant.
I've Bought the CD (which) recommended Laura to me.
WHOSE indicates possession and means "where / a / os / as". Never acts as a subject and can not be ignored.
She complainer to the man Whose dog bit her.
WHEN ('when', "that") refers to a time. That can be used in place or
omitted.
Do you remember the day (when / that) we met?
WHERE ("where", "where") indicates place.
We visited the house our father was born WHERE.

RELATIVE + preposition
When the preposition carries on, Which is still used if the antecedent is one thing, but if

is a person, rather than from who used whom, especially in written language. The most common
in all cases is to put the preposition at the end of the relative clause and omit the pronoun.
The film In Which I Was a great success Appears> The film I Was a great Appears in success
The person to talk to Whom I Had Was not There> The person I HAD to talk to Was not There.
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES-NON
These are explanatory sentences because they add information about the antecedent. without
them the meaning of the phrase remains the same, so are not indispensable. So I always
van commas.
James Bond, who is a famous spy, WAS created by the writer Ian Fleming.
With relative clauses Non-defining That can not be used, but for who and Which
people and goods respectively. Also you can never omit the pronoun or adverb
relative.
That document, Which was found in his car, Did not Prove historical identity.
The detective, Who you met yesterday, is the suspect's trail Following.
This kind of sentence is not very common in spoken English, where they use a lot more
specified relative clauses.
ESPAÑOL DEPARTMENT / IES FRANCISCO DE QUEVEDO  

•  TAG QUESTIONS

Tag questions

Estructure: verbo auxiliar o TO BE + sujeto+ complemento

A tag question is a question added at the end of a sentence. A tag question following an affirmative statement generally has the form of a negative question, with the meaning: Isn’t that true? In some languages, such tag questions are invariable. However, in English, tag questions vary, depending on the verbs and subjects of the preceding statements.
In the following examples, the tag questions are underlined. Contractions are usually used in negative tag questions. For example:

Affirmative statement	Affirmative statement with tag question
Are you not awake?	Aren’t you awake?
I am awake.	I am awake, am I not?
You are awake.	You are awake, aren’t you?
She is awake.	She is awake, isn’t she?
We are awake.	We are awake, aren’t we?
They are awake.	They are awake, aren’t they?

These examples illustrate how the subjects and verbs of the preceding statements are repeated in tag questions. For instance, in the first example, the subject I and the verb am are repeated in the tag question. In the second example, the subject you and the verb are are repeated in the tag question.

In spoken English, the expression aren’t I? is often used as a tag question. However, this is not considered to be grammatically correct in formal, written English.

EXAMPLES 
 1. They have a big house. Haven't They?
2. He isn' t a good friend. Is He?
3. She eats in the restaurant. Does She?
4. The movie was bad. Didn't It?
5. She has a beautiful hair. Hasn't She?

•  SIMPLE PAST 

Past Simple - (Simple Past Tense)
Simple Past tense is used to describe actions that have happened in an earlier time and who have already completed, for example:


She Cleaned her house. She cleaned his house.
I broke the window. I broke the window.


Here is the conjugation in Spanish equivalent to the past tense. Note that the sentence structure is similar to the Simple Present:


Both the negative interrogative as DID is used as an auxiliary which is the last form of the verb "TO DO" and accompanies the main verb in its infinitive form. Negations can be used in the contracted form of DID NOT or DID. The table top is the verb To Play (Play) as an example.


By expressing a prayer Past Simple is understood that the action is unrelated to the present, as shown in the following cases:


I lost the keys. He lost the keys.
(Perhaps in this the've found).


She lent me a book. She lent me a book.
(You may already have returned it).


It is also possible to indicate the time the action takes time to indicate more precisely:


They saw the movie last night. They saw the movie last night.
We went to London yesterday. We went to London yesterday.


To form a sentence in past tense we must distinguish two types: regular verbs and irregular verbs.


In the first case are the Past Simple ED, appending to the infinitive, while irregulars are so called not to follow a certain pattern and in this case must be studied individually. 

                                                   

• STRUCTURA  

Se + sujeto + (infinitivo del verbo)